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61.
Ferhat Ozcep Engin Erol Fatih Saraçoğlu Mustafa Haliloğlu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(6):1617-1630
Slope failures triggered by earthquakes are among the most important soil mechanics problems. In this study, static and pseudostatic analyses of slope stability for earthquake conditions were carried out in the Gurpinar area. In situ testing (SPT) was carried out and laboratory samples were obtained from six boreholes (maximum depth 50.0 m) to determine soil classification and strength characteristics. Geophysical studies (seismic refraction and MASW) were also carried out in the area to estimate the structure and stiffness strength characteristics of the slope to 50.0 m depth. All field and laboratory data were used to determine the mechanical and structural (geometrical) behavior of the slope. In order to solve the slope stability problem, three soil slope models were considered. Pseudostatic analysis was carried out to estimate the earthquake acceleration seismic hazard in the region. These analyses showed that, while there was no potential slope instability under static load conditions, some problems would appear with increasing earthquake acceleration. A geotechnical slope improvement project is proposed for the study area. 相似文献
62.
In this study, the practical methodologies are described for the determination of the factors for the self-absorption effect (Fs), spectral interferences (Fcsi), and true coincidence summing effects (Fcoi), which are used in direct gamma-spectrometric measurement of radionuclides such as 210Pb, 238U, 234Th, 226Ra, 214Pb, 228Ac, 208Tl, 214Bi, 137Cs and 40K in samples. To validate the applied methods, certified reference materials (CRMs) of lake and stream sediments were measured with an n-type Germanium (Ge) detector-calibrated using a multinuclide reference source. The highest self-absorption correction factors ranged from Fs = 1.44–2.10 for 46.5 keV peak (210Pb) and Fs = 1.25–1.60 for 63.3 keV peak (234Th) lying in the low energy region of the spectrum. The systematic influence was observed for 186.2 keV (226Ra) peak due to spectral interferences with the 235U contribution. For this peak, Fcsi is changed from 0.921 to 0.955. Additionally, the present study suggests that true coincidence summing (TCS) effects are not dominant, except for 208Tl and 214Bi for which Fcoi ranged from 1.179 to 1.192 an ranged from 1.140 to 1.151, respectively. 相似文献
63.
Toxic effects of five commonly used pesticides on the biomass of a municipal activated sludge system were determined on the basis of the reduction in the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR). Toxicity levels of the selected pesticides were determined by employing a modified OECD 209 (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) method which was performed as batch experiments using a respirometer. Copper sulphate (CuSO4 · 5 H2O), copper oxychloride (Cu2Cl(OH)3), copper calcium oxychloride (CaCu3Cl2(OH)6) as copper‐based pesticides and chlorsulphuron (C12H12ClN5O4S), 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) (C8H6Cl2O3) as synthetic organic pesticides were selected for the experiments. The EC50 values were determined to be 78, 249 and 281 mg/L for CuSO4 · 5 H2O, Cu2Cl(OH)3 and CaCu3Cl2(OH)6, respectively. Corresponding values for C12H12ClN5O4S and 2,4‐D were 860 and 3664 mg/L, respectively. Results indicated that toxicity effects of copper‐based pesticides were higher than that of synthetic organic pesticides. CuSO4 · 5 H2O was found to exert the highest toxicity among the copper‐based pesticides, whereas, C12H12ClN5O4S was determined to be the most toxic among the organic pesticides on activated sludge biomass. 相似文献